<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Mon, Jun 17, 2019 at 8:45 PM Ingrid Seabranch Hastings <<a href="mailto:jah1066@aol.com">jah1066@aol.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">I will leave the laptop discussion to others,</blockquote><div><br></div><div>On the notebook end, I posted back in Feb in the previous thread "Looking for advice". [1] [2]</div><div><br></div><div>Also notebook-related, some of it went AMD-centric at one point, which is relevant because as of July, AMD Zen2 (3rd Gen Ryzen/Ripper) is now ahead of Intel on feature sizes for the first time in 25 years. [3] [4] [5] (and there were more after that, but less relevant).<br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"> but as to the desktop, I have had very good results with the Intel NUC family. </blockquote><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">(NUC stands for Next Unit of Computing.) These are nice little boxes (2x4x4 inches) </blockquote><div><br></div><div>First off, which Intel NUC model? There's more than one. They are not all the same either.</div><div>And how does it stack up against the countless, other Nano-ITX and Pico-ITX options that are cheaper and/or more powerful?</div><div>Or have you only heard of Intel NUC? (if you say you've only heard of NUC, you're not alone -- marketing does wonders)<br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"> with quite low power consumption. You buy the NUC and install whatever RAM<br>
and hard disc (or SSD) you want. It has room for two sticks of RAM.<br>Basically it is a very small desktop with video, USB and audio. </blockquote><div><br></div><div>Secondly ... you hear Intel NUC from 9 out of 10 people because -- as I hinted -- marketing.</div><div><br></div><div>So, stepping back ... </div><div><br></div><div>Once upon a time there were a lot of embedded x86 (and even x86-64) vendors that sold system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs. They were typically a full generation behind. Embedded 486 when Pentium was around. Embedded i686 when x86-64 was around. IDT/Centuar, SGS-Thompson (now STMicro), etc... ViA was a big one, and one of the first creators of various "semi-ATX compatible" boards, moving away from ye-olde SBC (single board computer) designs that were 3.5" (4x6") or 5.25" (6x8") 'drive size' computers which we know today as Mini-ITX, Nano-ITX, Pico-ITX and similar.</div><div><br></div><div>E.g., I used to deal with OEMs direct from Taiwan in the early to mid '00s, largely because I could get them to under-clock Mini-ITX and Nano-ITX, especially ones with CardBus slots so I could put wireless and satellite cards into them, for field mesh access and station points -- like the ones I designed that were in the field in Louisana providing the only communications for awhile in 2005, including our 407 area code (Orlando) numbers from a VoIP partner people could call to find out about their loved ones post-Katrina. I.e., it wasn't AOL, it was us, small, Orlando-based company that provided the on-site network.</div><div><br></div><div>So ... after that, and a lot of other things going on during the era, especially since embedded x86 was offering lower power (not as good as ARM, but still), it got really popular again.</div><div><br></div><div>Intel eventually joined the fray in the late '00s with it's (at the time) '07+, in-line Atom, before Atom was a SoC, so they also required a "Southbridge" (now ICH) which not only increased board cost, but used older, larger feature sized chips that sucked up more power. Even AMD had its Geode line that competed in this area too.</div><div><br></div><div>The common realities of all these x86 solutions was that they were 3-5 years behind in design, fabricated at higher features sizes, so far lower performing, not really good on the power-performance curve, but cheaper (other than Intel pre-SoC Atom designs, which were not), because they were board + BGA (ball grid array) soldiered on-board. In volume, prices came down very well, ideal if you needed x86 compatibility (like a lot of 3rd party drivers/software did -- even on GNU/Linux).</div><div><br></div><div>Then one day in the late '00s, AMD released a leading-edge, out-of-order, superscalar, register renaming, full-up "Hammer" architecture that was specifically for BGA, and completely SoC -- everything in the single echip. And it was dirt freak'n cheap, like $5-25, not just in the CPU (w/integrated GPU), but the entire board cost and -- better yet -- they were putting DisplayPort, GbE, even the latest XHCI (USB 3.0) in the chip. So how did AMD do it? It killed one DDR channel and nix'd the HyperTransport, so it was only 423 traces, Socket FT1 (BGA-423). Although AMD later re-added a limited HyperTransport plus added more PCIe channels in Socket FT3 (BGA-769), it still remained extremely cheap, and that's why both Microsoft and Sony picked it for the Xbox One and PS4, respectively.</div><div><br></div><div>Beyond quickly becoming massively popular in embedded, with a few Taiwanese vendors like Zotac and its ZBox line (which is extensive [6] [7]), the AMD products sold like hotcakes and, better yet, it trashed Intel's non-SoC Atom, let alone when the GPU was utilized. Plus one got all of the latest ports and technologies. Intel integrators were using 5 years behind with their SouthBridge/ICH choices, so you got USB 2.0 and HDMI or even only DVI/VGA, and you were gonna like it.</div><div><br></div><div>Intel then realized by only selling in-line Atom at one end (largely the "netbook" market with 1/5th price 'hardware limited' Windows), and i-Core at the other (even if 'crippled' Celeron/Pentium-G existed), they were leaving out a massive market -- especially SoC. Although Intel quickly refocused on getting a true Atom SoC out, in a higher performing variety (and even out-of-order/supercalar, once ARMv7 'went there' and started really trashing Atom), it was really in a bad position.<br></div><div><br></div><div>So, overnight in 2010, Intel took a 2nd gen i-Core (SandyBridge) and released a sub-spec (crippled) Celeron 847 with a massive pin count (BGA-1023), which still had to use external logic, etc... just to 'offer something.' That was the first gen NUC, and it was massively overpriced. But marketing -- again -- does wonders.</div><div><br></div><div>The funny thing is ... something else also happened.</div><div><br></div><div>All those OEMs out there? They didn't have to use Intel. A few of them even had these little 'tiny tower' box designs already, both AMD and Intel. And between the Zotac ZBox line and Intel NUC ... it didn't matter if it was AMD or Intel, whether it was low power or even a full i5, they could sell rectangular boxes, even ones that 100x100mm VESA Mount. So once the Intel NUC hit, everyone did it, and often better and cheaper too.</div><div><br></div><div>One of the best, that literally blew away Intel's own NUCs -- even 2nd gens and later -- at a _cheaper_ price point, was the Gigabyte BRIX line [8], as they offered some powerful i5 quad-cores in the early '10s. I recommended them over Intel's over-priced, over-marketed NUCs at the high-end, because for a $500 Intel NUC, you could get a $500 Gigabyte BRIX with almost twice the performance. That may no longer be the case, but it was really pathetic to see the massive markup Intel had early on ... because, again, marketing.</div><div><br></div><div>Although even today, when it comes to a crapload of options, Zotac ZBox was one of the first, and Zotac is king. They even have a portable backpack for non-tethered VR gaming. But they also have things that fit in your pocket too. I usually bought their AMD BGA-769 </div><div><br></div><div>But there are many others. As always, ignore marketing, hit reviews, and find what you want. 9 out of 10 people recommend Intel NUC, because that's all they've ever heard of. Again, marketing does wonders, especially when you're blindsided, just like Microsoft was often too. ;)</div><div><br></div><div>- bjs</div><div><br></div><div>REFERENCES: </div><div><br></div><div>Notebook Discussion (2019-Feb): </div><div>[1] <a href="https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002304.html">https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002304.html</a></div><div>[2] <a href="https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002305.html">https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002305.html</a></div><div><br></div><div>AMD Discussion (2019-Feb ... more, including through March).</div><div>[3] <a href="https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002308.html">https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002308.html</a><br></div><div>[4] <a href="https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002309.html">https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002309.html</a></div><div>[5] <a href="https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002314.html">https://lists.unknownlamer.org/pipermail/calug/2019-February/002314.html</a></div><div><br></div><div>Zotac ZBox</div><div>[6] <a href="https://www.zotac.com/sk/product/mini_pcs/overview">https://www.zotac.com/sk/product/mini_pcs/overview</a></div><div>[7] <a href="https://www.zotac.com/sk/product/mini_pcs/whyzbox">https://www.zotac.com/sk/product/mini_pcs/whyzbox</a></div><div><br></div><div>Gigabyte BRIX: <br></div><div>[8] <a href="https://www.gigabyte.com/us/Mini-PcBarebone">https://www.gigabyte.com/us/Mini-PcBarebone</a></div><div> </div></div></div>